Origin: Clavicle, sternum, cartilages of ribs 1-7 Insertion: Crest of greater tubercle of humerus Action: flexes, adducts, and medially rotates arm, Origin: Clavicle, acromion process, spine of scapula Insertion: Deltoid tuberosity of the humerus Action: Abducts arm; flexes, extends, medially, and laterally rotates arm, Origin: thoracolumbar fascia Insertion: Intertubercular groove of humerus (spirals from your back under your arm) Action: adducts humerus (pulls shoulder back and down), Origin: Lateral border of scapula Insertion: Greater tubercle of humerus Action: Laterally rotates and adducts arm, stabilizes shoulder joint, Origin: Long head; superior margin of glenoid fossa Short Head; Coracoid process of scapula Insertion: Radial Tuberosity Action: Flexes arm, flexes forearm, supinates hand, Origin: Anterior, distal surface of humerus Insertion: coronoid process of ulna Action: Flexes forearm, Origin: Infraglenoid tuberosity of scapula, lateral and posterior surface of humerus Insertion: Olecranon process, tuberosity of ulna Action: Extends and adducts arm, extends forearm, Origin: Lateral supracondylar ridge of humerus Insertion: styloid process of radius Action: Flexes forearm, Origin: Symphysis Pubis (inferior ramus of pubis) The erector spinae comprises the iliocostalis (laterally placed) group, the longissimus (intermediately placed) group, and the spinalis (medially placed) group. The lateral head arises from the posterior surface of the humerus, above the radial groove of the humerus. The lower subscapular nerve innervates the muscle and it is a branch of the posterior cord of the brachial plexus. The muscle origin often describes the more proximal attachment point of the muscle, while the muscle insertion point refers to the distal attachment. Most anatomy courses will require that you at least know the name and location of the major muscles, though some anatomy courses will also require you to know the function (or action), the insertion and origin, and so on. For origins and insertions, I learned the exceptions in each compartment/the ones that stick out. Although the tongue is obviously important for tasting food, it is also necessary for mastication, deglutition (swallowing), and speech (Figure 11.4.5 and Figure 11.4.6). Due to this arrangement the deltoid has a large area of origin: from the acromion, lateral superior portion of the clavicle, and lateral third of the scapular spine. The muscle acts primarily as a supinator of the forearm, as well as a flexor of the elbow. origin: along spinus process of vertebrae and occipital bone Human hands are quite special in their anatomy, which allows us to be so dexterous and relies on muscles of the upper limb to help move it through space. It runs down the posterior compartment of the forearm and inserts into the middle and distal phalanges of the 2nd to 5th digits. Author: It's important to note that the antagonist contraction is minor in comparison to the agonist contraction, and therefore it doesn't prevent the action of the agonist. If you have ever been to a doctor who held up a finger and asked you to follow it up, down, and to both sides, he or she is checking to make sure your eye muscles are acting in a coordinated pattern. Conventionally, a muscle origin describes the attachment of a muscle on the more stable bone. Simplify your retention of the thenar muscles by learning the following mnemonic! Next to each muscle, youll find its origin(s), insertion(s), innervation(s) and function(s). Enter your email address below and hit "Submit" to receive free email updates and nursing tips. Muscles always pull. It inserts into the medial aspect of the 5th metacarpal. By the end of this section, you will be able to: Identify the following muscles and give their origins, insertions, actions and innervations: The skeletal muscles are divided into axial (muscles of the trunk and head) and appendicular (muscles of the arms and legs) categories. The brevis muscle arises from the lateral epicondyle and inserts onto the dorsal base of the 3rd metacarpal. 1.2 Structural Organization of the Human Body, 2.1 Elements and Atoms: The Building Blocks of Matter, 2.4 Inorganic Compounds Essential to Human Functioning, 2.5 Organic Compounds Essential to Human Functioning, 3.2 The Cytoplasm and Cellular Organelles, 4.3 Connective Tissue Supports and Protects, 5.3 Functions of the Integumentary System, 5.4 Diseases, Disorders, and Injuries of the Integumentary System, 6.6 Exercise, Nutrition, Hormones, and Bone Tissue, 6.7 Calcium Homeostasis: Interactions of the Skeletal System and Other Organ Systems, 7.6 Embryonic Development of the Axial Skeleton, 8.5 Development of the Appendicular Skeleton, 10.3 Muscle Fiber Excitation, Contraction, and Relaxation, 10.4 Nervous System Control of Muscle Tension, 10.8 Development and Regeneration of Muscle Tissue, 11.1 Describe the roles of agonists, antagonists and synergists, 11.2 Explain the organization of muscle fascicles and their role in generating force, 11.3 Explain the criteria used to name skeletal muscles, 11.4 Axial Muscles of the Head Neck and Back, 11.5 Axial muscles of the abdominal wall and thorax, 11.6 Muscles of the Pectoral Girdle and Upper Limbs, 11.7 Appendicular Muscles of the Pelvic Girdle and Lower Limbs, 12.1 Structure and Function of the Nervous System, 13.4 Relationship of the PNS to the Spinal Cord of the CNS, 13.6 Testing the Spinal Nerves (Sensory and Motor Exams), 14.2 Blood Flow the meninges and Cerebrospinal Fluid Production and Circulation, 16.1 Divisions of the Autonomic Nervous System, 16.4 Drugs that Affect the Autonomic System, 17.3 The Pituitary Gland and Hypothalamus, 17.10 Organs with Secondary Endocrine Functions, 17.11 Development and Aging of the Endocrine System, 19.2 Cardiac Muscle and Electrical Activity, 20.1 Structure and Function of Blood Vessels, 20.2 Blood Flow, Blood Pressure, and Resistance, 20.4 Homeostatic Regulation of the Vascular System, 20.6 Development of Blood Vessels and Fetal Circulation, 21.1 Anatomy of the Lymphatic and Immune Systems, 21.2 Barrier Defenses and the Innate Immune Response, 21.3 The Adaptive Immune Response: T lymphocytes and Their Functional Types, 21.4 The Adaptive Immune Response: B-lymphocytes and Antibodies, 21.5 The Immune Response against Pathogens, 21.6 Diseases Associated with Depressed or Overactive Immune Responses, 21.7 Transplantation and Cancer Immunology, 22.1 Organs and Structures of the Respiratory System, 22.6 Modifications in Respiratory Functions, 22.7 Embryonic Development of the Respiratory System, 23.2 Digestive System Processes and Regulation, 23.5 Accessory Organs in Digestion: The Liver, Pancreas, and Gallbladder, 23.7 Chemical Digestion and Absorption: A Closer Look, 25.1 Internal and External Anatomy of the Kidney, 25.2 Microscopic Anatomy of the Kidney: Anatomy of the Nephron, 25.3 Physiology of Urine Formation: Overview, 25.4 Physiology of Urine Formation: Glomerular Filtration, 25.5 Physiology of Urine Formation: Tubular Reabsorption and Secretion, 25.6 Physiology of Urine Formation: Medullary Concentration Gradient, 25.7 Physiology of Urine Formation: Regulation of Fluid Volume and Composition, 27.3 Physiology of the Female Sexual System, 27.4 Physiology of the Male Sexual System, 28.4 Maternal Changes During Pregnancy, Labor, and Birth, 28.5 Adjustments of the Infant at Birth and Postnatal Stages. The movements would be used in bowling or swing your arms while walking. Have you triedour upper limb muscle anatomy revision chartyet? For example, upper limb muscles are grouped by shoulder and arm, forearm and hand. However, it prevents the humeral head from slipping downwards. L: lateral two lumbricals. The dorsal interossei cause abduction of the fingers and the palmar interossei cause adduction of the fingers. It most commonly dislocates anteriorly (95%), and can damage the axillary nerve. Register now The iliocostalis group includes the iliocostalis cervicis, associated with the cervical region; the iliocostalis thoracis, associated with the thoracic region; and the iliocostalis lumborum, associated with the lumbar region. Brachioradialis muscle:This muscle lies between the flexor and extensor compartments of the forearm. There are numerous muscles in this compartment as well. Because the muscles insert in the skin rather than on bone, when they contract, the skin moves to create facial expression (Figure 11.4.1). The acronym for the rotator cuff is S.I.T.S. 1. The Nervous System and Nervous Tissue, Chapter 13. 2023 These include the digastric muscle, which has anterior and posterior bellies that work to elevate the hyoid bone and larynx when one swallows; it also depresses the mandible. Action: Extends thigh, flexes leg, Wider than semmitendonosis The Cellular Level of Organization, Chapter 4. An agonist, or as I said before, a prime mover, is the muscle that is primarily responsible for the movement described: forearm flexion. It acts as an adductor (to add to the body), assists in extension and medial rotation, as well as stabilization of the scapula. , My origin is the iliac crest, posterior sacrum, inferior lumbar, and sacral spinous processes. The muscle acts to supinate the forearm and forms the lateral border of the cubital fossa. Additionally, these muscles switch roles with opposite movements. The muscles of facial expression originate from the surface of the skull or the fascia (connective tissue) of the face. The muscle has dual innervation. You can listen to the song below, and then take the free major muscle quiz. The flexor pollicis brevis acts to flex the thumb at the 1st MP joint and is innervated by the median nerve. Flexor pollicis longus muscle:This muscle is found superficially within the deep layer. Suprahyoid muscles are superior to it, and the infrahyoid muscles are located inferiorly. the iliopsoas or inner hip muscles: Psoas major. Take advantage of the following mnemonic to make your life a little easier! This mnemonic recalls the four intrinsic muscles of the hand innervated by the median nerve, whereas all the other intrinsic muscles are ulnar nerve: F: flexor pollicis brevis. Pectoralis minor muscle:This muscle lies deep to the pectoralis major and arises from 3rd-5th costals sternal ends and its associated fascia (connective tissue surrounding a muscle group). Triceps brachii muscle:This is the only muscle of the posterior compartment of the arm. This is a bony deformity of the finger or toes associated with rheumatoid arthritis and trauma to the end of the extended finger. For example, the brachialis is a synergist of the biceps brachii during forearm flexion. Reading time: about 1 hour. During that particular movement, individual muscles will play different roles depending on their origin and insertion. Muscles of the Head and Neck: Anatomy, Motion & Support, Psychological Research & Experimental Design, All Teacher Certification Test Prep Courses, Skeletal Muscle Organization: Connective Tissue and Layers, Muscle Origin and Insertion: Definition and Actions, Muscles of the Vertebral Column: Support & Movement, Axial Muscles: Trunk Muscles Anatomy & Support, Shoulder Muscles: Anatomy, Support & Movement, Forearm Muscles: Anatomy, Support & Movement, Thigh Muscles: Anatomy, Support & Movement, The Central Nervous System in the Human Body, The Human Cardiovascular System - Blood & Heart, The Human Cardiovascular System - Vessels & Circulation, Prentice Hall Biology: Online Textbook Help, High School Physics: Homeschool Curriculum, Physical Science for Teachers: Professional Development, Gerontology for Teachers: Professional Development, Nutritional Science for Teachers: Professional Development, Intro to Physics for Teachers: Professional Development, Biology for Teachers: Professional Development, Pathophysiology for Teachers: Professional Development, Aldosterone: Definition, Function & Effects. Registered Nurse, Free Care Plans, Free NCLEX Review, Nurse Salary, and much more. The clavicular head arises from the medial two thirds of the inferior surface of the clavicle. The palatoglossus originates on the soft palate to elevate the back of the tongue, and the hyoglossus originates on the hyoid bone to move the tongue downward and flatten it. It is innervated by the musculocutaneous nerve. The muscles in the face create facial expression by inserting into the skin rather than onto bone. Tongue muscles can be extrinsic or intrinsic. It inserts onto the crest of greater tubercle of the humerus. The upper fibers act to extend the neck, elevate, and upwardly rotate. The semispinalis muscles include the semispinalis capitis, the semispinalis cervicis, and the semispinalis thoracis. It causes extension of the IP joints, the MP joints, and wrist. It acts to extend the wrist, fixes writs during clenching fist, and when it acts with flexor carpi ulnaris it contributes to ulnar deviation of the wrist. The muscles of the anterior neck are arranged to facilitate swallowing and speech. Its supinating effect are maximal when the elbow is flexed. Learning anatomy is a massive undertaking, and we're here to help you pass with flying colours. Some axial muscles cross over to the appendicular skeleton. The short head arises from the coracoid process and both heads unite. Memorizethe superficial forearm flexors usingthe followingmnemonic! Insertion: mastoid process of temporal bone, occipital bone. Click the card to flip . All rights reserved. The hand (manual region) is the terminal end and focus of the upper limb. It is innervated by the medial and lateral pectoral nerves. The posterior muscles of the neck are primarily concerned with head movements, like extension. It divides and allows the tendon of flexor digitorum profundus to pass through at Campers chiasm (tendon split). The pectoral girdle, or shoulder girdle, consists of the lateral ends of the clavicle and scapula, along . Origin: The muscle origin often describes the more proximal attachment point of the muscle, while the muscle insertion point refers to the distal attachment. [3] Origin and Insertion Kinesiological Analysis: Description & Major Components, Massage Therapy Scope of Practice | Overview, Purpose & Manipulation. It also has a role in stabilizing the humerus and part of the rotator cuff of four muscles. Get instant access to this gallery, plus: Introduction to the musculoskeletal system, Nerves, vessels and lymphatics of the abdomen, Nerves, vessels and lymphatics of the pelvis, Infratemporal region and pterygopalatine fossa, Meninges, ventricular system and subarachnoid space, Extensor carpi radialis longus and brevis, Pectoralis major, Pectoralis minor, Deltoid, Latissimus dorsi, Supinator, Extensor digitorum, Extensor carpi ulnaris, Extensor carpi radialis longus and brevis, Extensor indicis proprius, Extensor digiti minimi, Brachioradialis, Thenar eminence, Hypothenar eminence, Interossei, Lumbricals, Inferior angle and lower part of the lateral border of the scapula, Intertubercular sulcus (medial lip) of the humerus, Adduction and medial rotation of the humerus (arm), Lateral border of the scapula (middle part), Greater tubercle of the humerus (inferior facet), Lateral rotation of the arm, stabilization of the humerus as part of the rotator cuff muscles, Greater tubercle of the humerus (middle facet), Greater tubercle of the humerus (superior facet), Assistance in arm abduction,stabilization of the humerus as part of the rotator cuff muscles, Medial rotation of the arm,stabilization of the humerus as part of the rotator cuff muscles, Transverse process of the atlas and axis, posterior tubercles C3 and C4, Posterior surface of the medial scapular border (from the superior angle to the root of the spine of the scapula), Anterior rami of the nerves C3 and C4, dorsal scapular nerve (branch of the C5), Superior nuchal line, external occipital protruberance, nuchal ligament, spinous processes of C7 to T12 vertebrae, Lateral third of the clavicle, acromion and spine of the scapula, Spinal accessory nerve; C3 and C4 spinal nerves, Elevation, depression, and retraction of the scapula, Medial half of the clavicle (clavicular head); anterior surface of the sternum, 1st to 6th costal cartilages, aponeurosis of, Adduction and medial rotation of the humerus, Anterior surface of the 3rd, 4th, and 5th ribs and the fascia overlying the intercostal spaces, Medial border and superior surface of the coracoid process of the scapula, Protraction of the scapula, pulls the coracoid process anteriorly and inferiorly, accessory muscle in respiratory, Lateral third of the clavicle, acromion, and spine of scapula, Abduction and stabilization of the shoulder joint, Spinous processes of T7-L5 and sacrum, iliac crest, X-XII ribs, Distal half of the anterior side of the humerus and intermuscular septa, Flexion of the forearm at the elbow joint, Flexion of the forearm at the elbow joint, supinator of the forearm, accessory flexor of the arm at the glenohumeral joint, Anterior surface of the ulna (distal quarter), Anterior surface of the radius (distal quarter), Forearm pronationand binding of the radius and ulna, Anterior surface of the radius and interosseous membrane, Proximal parts of the anterior and lateral surfaces of the ulna and interosseous membrane, Bases of the phalanges of the 4th and 5th digits (medial part), bases of the phalanges of the 2nd and 3rd digits (lateral part), Ulnar nerve (medial part), anterior interosseous nerve (lateral part), Flexion of the distal phalanges at the interphalangeal joints of the 4th and 5th digits (medial part) and of the 2nd and 3rd digits (lateral part), Medial epicondyle of the humerus and coronoid process of the ulna (humero-ulnar head) and superior half of anterior border (ulnar head), Shafts of middle phalanges of medial four digits, Flexion of middle phalanges at proximal interphalangeal joints and flexion of the proximal phalanges at the metacarpophalangeal joints of the middle four digits, Medial epicondyle of the humerus (common flexor tendon), Flexor retinaculum and palmar aponeurosis, Medial epicondyle of the humerus (humeral head), coronoid process of the ulna (ulnar head), Lateral epicondyle of the humerus, crest of the ulna, supinator fossa, radial collateral and anular ligaments, Surface of the proximal third of the radial shaft, Posterior surfaces of the middle and distal phalanges (2nd-5th), Posterior interosseus nerve (branch of the radial nerve), Extension of the index, middle, ring and little fingers, Lateral epicondyle of the humerus, posterior border of the ulna, Medial side of the base of the metacarpal V, Posterior side of the distal third of the ulnar shaft; interosseous membrane, Proximal two-thirds of the supra-epicondylar ridge of the humerus, Lateral surface of the distal end of the radius, Forearm flexion, especially during mid-pronation, Flexor retinaculum and tubercle of trapezium and scaphoid bones, Thumb flexion, abduction, and medial rotation resulting in a combined movement called opposition, Abduction of the 5th digit and flexion assistance of the proximal phalanx, Base of the proximal phalanx of the 5th digit, Flexion of the proximal phalanx of the 5th digit, Sides of two adjacent metacarpals (dorsal interossei) and palmar surfaces of the 2nd, 4th, 5th metacarpals (palmar interossei), Bases of the proximal phalanges via the extensor expansions of the 2nd to 4th digits (dorsal interossei) and 2nd, 4th, and 5th digits (palmar interossei), Abduction of the 2nd to 4th digits (dorsal interossei), adduction of the 2nd, 4th, and 5th digits (palmar interossei), assisting the lumbricals in extension, Tendons of the flexor digitorum profundus, Lateral expansions of the 2nd to 5th digits, Flexion of the metacarpophalangeal joints and extension of the interphalangeal joints of the 2nd to 4th digits.